GLUCONOLACTONE

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 5 glycolactone ingredients. Glucoheptonolactone and Gluconolactone are reported to function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous, and Gluconolactone is also reported to function as a chelating agent. No functions are reported for the other 3 ingredients. The Panel considered the available data and concluded that Gluconolactone is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment; however, the Panel concluded the available data are insufficient to make a determination that Galactonolactone, Glucarolactone, Glucoheptonolactone, and Ribonolactone are safe under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations.

This study aimed to explore the anti-skin aging efficacy of a novel serum containing acetyl hexapeptide-8, dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate, gluconolactone, niacinamide and laminaria extract through one ex-vivo study and two clinical studies. In ex-vivo study, skin samples were exposed to the serum (Formula 1) and its active ingredient combinations (Formula 2). Biomarkers including matrix metalloproteinase-1, elastic fibres and collagen types I, III, IV and XVII content were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy. In clinical study 1 (n = 50), the Formula 1's efficacy in reducing static wrinkles and improving skin quality was examined, while study 2 (n = 42) focused on its efficacy against dynamic wrinkles. Formula 1 significantly increased levels of anti-aging biomarkers including elastic fibres, collagen fibres, etc. Meanwhile, Formula 1 significantly improved static wrinkle appearance within the first week, with mean clinical scoring from 35% to 69% for various types of wrinkles after 12 weeks of use (all p < 0.001). The clinical scoring for dynamic wrinkles improved by 10%-13% (all p < 0.001). Additionally, significant improvements were observed in skin quality, indicated by clinical scoring changes of smoothness (30%), radiance (27%), skin pore (43%), elasticity (33%) and firmness (36%) (all p < 0.001). The serum demonstrates significant anti-aging effects, effectively improving static and dynamic wrinkles and skin quality. cette étude visait à étudier l'efficacité sur la peau d'un nouveau sérum anti‐âge contenant de l'hexapeptide acétyl‐8, du dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacétate, de la gluconolactone, de la niacinamide et de l'extrait de laminaire dans le cadre d'une étude ex‐vivo ainsi que de deux études cliniques. MÉTHODES: dans une étude ex‐vivo, des échantillons de peau ont été exposés au sérum (Formule 1) et à ses associations de principes actifs (Formule 2). Des analyses des biomarqueurs, notamment de la métalloprotéinase‐1 matricielle, des fibres élastiques et des collagènes de type I, III, IV et XVII, ont permis d'évaluer l'efficacité. Dans l'étude clinique 1 (n = 50), l'efficacité de la Formule 1 dans la réduction des rides statiques et l'amélioration de la qualité de la peau a été examinée, alors que l'étude 2 (n = 42) portait sur son efficacité contre les rides dynamiques. RÉSULTATS: la Formule 1 a significativement augmenté les taux de biomarqueurs anti‐âges, y compris les fibres élastiques, les fibres de collagène, etc. Qui plus est, la Formule 1 a significativement amélioré l'aspect des rides statiques au cours de la première semaine, le score clinique moyen étant de 35% à 69% pour différents types de rides après 12 semaines d'utilisation (p < 0,001 pour tous). Le score clinique pour les rides dynamiques s'est amélioré de 10 à 13% (p < 0,001 pour toutes). En outre, des améliorations significatives ont été observées au niveau de la qualité de la peau, indiquées par des changements de notation clinique de la douceur (30%), de l'éclat (27%), des pores cutanés (43%), de l'élasticité (33%) et de la fermeté (36%) (p < 0,001 pour toutes). le sérum a démontré des effets anti‐âges significatifs en améliorant efficacement les rides statiques et dynamiques ainsi que la qualité de la peau.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels have attracted growing interest for skin regeneration. However, conventional fabrication approaches for HA hydrogels often require complex chemical modifications, leading to prolonged preparation cycles, inconsistent batch reproducibility, and elevated toxicity. Herein, a straightforward strategy is presented for developing pure yet multifunctional HA hydrogels by regulating the pH. Specifically, highly concentrated HA solutions are initially prepared at high pH, followed by gradual neutralization mediated by the hydrolysis of gluconolactone (GdL). This pH-triggered process promotes the reformation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thereby culminating in a sol-to-gel transition. Owing to this unique formation mechanism, the HA-GdL (HG) hydrogels exhibit strong adhesiveness, desirable mechanical toughness, and excellent self-healing properties. Moreover, these dynamic interactions provide the HG hydrogels with injectability, moldability, and 3D printability, enabling the incorporation of therapeutic agents under physiologically benign conditions. In murine-infected wound models, silver nanoparticle-laden HG hydrogels not only conform to the irregular shape of the wounds but also exert anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and immunoregulatory effects to expedite wound closure and regeneration. Collectively, this study offers a streamlined yet highly efficient approach for fabricating versatile HA hydrogel dressings, offering significant promise for the comprehensive management of infected wounds.

The increasing prevalence of sodium hyaluronate and gluconolactone in a wide range of cosmetic formulations has created a crucial need for robust and reliable analytical methods to ensure product quality, optimize formulations and meet regulatory standards. Sodium hyaluronate and gluconolactone, two highly sought-after humectants renowned for their remarkable water-binding properties, present significant analytical challenges during quantification. Sodium hyaluronate, a complex polymeric structure, lacks a UV-absorbing chromophore and gluconolactone needs an indirect technique (derivatization/conversion to gluconic acid) to be quantified, which makes these analyses quite challenging in cosmetic products. This study directly addresses this critical gap in cosmetic analysis by developing and validating a novel method for the simultaneous determination of sodium hyaluronate and gluconolactone in cosmetic compositions. This method employs size exclusion liquid chromatography (SEC), a powerful separation technique ideal for analysing polymers and macromolecules, coupled with sensitive UV detection. Using a BioSep SEC S2000 column and an isocratic mobile phase of 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 7.0), we achieved efficient separation and detection at 205 nm, enabling the quantification of both compounds despite the absence of strong chromophores. Rigorous method validation confirmed the reliability and robustness of this approach. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (r 2  > 0.999) over a wide concentration range of 25-1000 μg/mL for both sodium hyaluronate and gluconolactone, ensuring accurate quantification across diverse formulation concentrations. Additionally, high precision (RSD ≤1.22%), specificity against common cosmetic excipients and satisfactory recovery rates (80%-120%) further validate the method's suitability for routine quality control analysis in the cosmetic industry. This sensitive, accurate and robust SEC-UV method provides a valuable new tool for cosmetic manufacturers to ensure the quality, efficacy and consumer safety of products containing these key ingredients. La prévalence croissante de l’hyaluronate de sodium et de la gluconolactone dans un large éventail de formulations cosmétiques a généré un besoin crucial de méthodes analytiques robustes et fiables pour garantir la qualité du produit, optimiser les formulations et respecter les normes réglementaires. Le hyaluronate de sodium et la gluconolactone, deux humectants très recherchés reconnus pour leurs remarquables propriétés de liaison à l’eau, présentent des défis analytiques significatifs pendant la quantification. Le hyaluronate de sodium, une structure polymérique complexe, ne dispose pas d’un chromophore absorbant les UV et la gluconolactone nécessite une technique indirecte (dérivatisation/conversion vers l’acide gluconique) pour être quantifiée, ce qui rend ces analyses assez difficiles dans les produits cosmétiques. MÉTHODE: cette étude traite directement cette lacune critique dans l’analyse cosmétique en développant et en validant une nouvelle méthode pour la détermination simultanée du hyaluronate de sodium et de la gluconolactone dans les compositions cosmétiques. Cette méthode utilise la chromatographie en phase liquide d’exclusion stérique (SEC), une technique de séparation puissante idéale pour analyser les polymères et les macromolécules, associée à une détection UV sensible. En utilisant une colonne BioSep SEC S2000 et une phase mobile isocratique de dihydrogénophosphate de potassium 0,05 M (pH 7,0), nous avons obtenu une séparation et une détection efficaces à 205 nm, permettant la quantification des deux compos&#x

Mild erythema is a common affliction of rosacea. Many methods including drugs and phototherapy (e.g., Intense Pulse Light, IPL) have been tried to alleviate symptoms. Topical applications for enhancing moisturization have also been thought to be of some benefit. In this study, the improvement of erythema and skin physiology parameters were assessed after a topical serum (5% gluconolactone-based serum) usage or a single IPL treatment, and the differences in improvement between the two groups were compared. The treatment willingness of the subjects was also performed. In this study, 200 subjects with mild erythema were enrolled; 100 of them were treated with topical serum (TS) for 30 consecutive days and the other 100 for a single IPL treatment. Facial images, local skin images, and physiological measurements were collected before and after treatment, to assess erythema (CEA), overall facial condition (VAS), and other skin physiology parameters (e.g., pore, skin tone, and sebum). Based on the questionnaire, the treatment willingness and satisfaction of the subjects were collected. Improvement on erythema, overall facial condition, and skin physiology parameters were observed in two groups. Both subjective assessments and measurements showed greater efficacy in erythema reduction, overall facial condition improvement, and sebum reduction in the IPL group (p < 0.05). Pores and skin tone improvement were comparable in TS and IPL groups. Similarly, subjects with certain erythema improvement in both groups were satisfied with their choice of treatment, in which possible side effects, cost, and duration of the treatment somewhat influence their treatment decisions. Topical serum that focuses on redness reduction and moisturization and IPL can improve erythema and skin physiological indicators. IPL is more capable of improving the overall facial appearance. By fully understanding the patient's facial condition and treatment influence, medical practitioners determine the appropriate treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2400087665.

Chitosan (CTS) has emerged as a promising biopolymer for wound healing due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and intrinsic bioactive properties. This study explores the development and characterization of CTS-based films enhanced with natural bioactive agents, aloe vera (A), gluconolactone (GL), and sorbitol (S), to improve their mechanical, antimicrobial, and regenerative performance for potential use in advanced wound care. A series of CTS-based films were fabricated with varying concentrations of A, GL, and S, and their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties were comprehensively evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed modifications in the film structure attributable to these additives, influencing the surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and thermal stability. Biocidal assays confirmed enhanced antimicrobial activity, particularly in films containing GL and A. Biodegradation studies demonstrated a significant enhancement in microbial decomposition of the films, while cytocompatibility tests confirmed minimal cytotoxic effects and improved cellular response. This research underscores the potential of combining CS with A, GL, and S to engineer multifunctional biomaterials tailored for effectively tackling different phases of the wound healing process, offering a sustainable and biocompatible alternative for clinical applications.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysfunctional regulatory T cells (T regs ). We previously showed that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a critical role in maintaining the suppressive function of T regs . Here, we analyzed phosphoproteomics and metabolomics data from PP2A-wild type and PP2A-deficient T regs and demonstrated that PP2A regulates T reg function through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Furthermore, we proved that the PPP metabolite gluconolactone (GDL) enhances in vitro induced (i)T reg differentiation and function by promoting forkhead box protein 3 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 expression and inhibits T helper 17 (T H 17) differentiation in murine cells. In short-term imiquimod-induced autoimmunity in mice, treatment with GDL alleviates inflammation by inhibiting T H 17 cells. GDL promotes T regs function and alleviates skin lesions in MRL. lpr lupus-prone mice in vivo. It also promotes T regs differentiation and function in ex vivo experiments using cells from patients with SLE. Last, in patients suffering from cutaneous lupus erythematosus, topical application of a GDL-containing cream controlled skin inflammation and improved the clinical and histologic appearance of the skin lesions within 2 weeks. Together, we have identified GDL as a PPP metabolite and showed mechanistically that it restores immune regulation in vitro and in vivo by inducing T reg suppressive function and inhibiting T H 17 cells. GDL should be considered as a treatment approach for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Wound healing is a dynamic process that requires an optimal extracellular environment, as well as an accurate synchronization between various cell types. Over the past few years, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel approaches for treating and managing burn injuries, sepsis, and chronic or accidental skin injuries. Multifunctional smart-polymer-based dressings represent a promising approach to support natural healing and address several problems plaguing partially healed injuries, including severe inflammation, scarring, and wound infection. Naturally derived compounds offer unique advantages such as minimal toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and outstanding biocompatibility along with potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Herein, the main driving idea of the work was the design and development of konjac glucomannan d-glucono-1,5-lactone (KG) films bioactivated by tannic acid and d-glucono-1,5-lactone (GL) addition. Our analysis, using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscopy, and surface energy measurements demonstrated that tannic acid (TA) clearly interacted with the KG matrix, acting as its cross-linker, whereas GL was embedded within the polymer structure. All developed films maintained a moist environment, which represents a pivotal property for wound dressing. Hemocompatibility experiments showed that all tested films exhibited no hemolytic impact on human erythrocytes. Moreover, the presence of TA and GL enhanced the metabolic and energetic activity in human dermal fibroblasts, as indicated by the MTT assay, showing results exceeding 150%. Finally, all films demonstrated high antibacterial properties as they significantly reduced the multiplication rate of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in bacterial broth and created the inhibition zones for S. aureus in agar plates. These remarkable outcomes make the KG/TA/GL film promising candidates for wound healing applications.

The application of polyhydroxy acids and alpha-hydroxy acids to the skin is often used in cosmetology. To enhance the effect of gluconolactone chemical peeling, a combined method including water-oxygen oxybrasion or microneedle mesotherapy can be used. To evaluate skin parameters such as hydration, sebum, pH and TEWL after application of a 10% gluconolactone chemical peel in combination with oxybrasion and microneedling. Twenty-one Caucasian women participated in the study. A series of three split face treatments was carried out at 1-week intervals. Oxybrasion was performed on the right side of the face and micro-needle mesotherapy on the left side. A 10% gluconolactone solution was applied to the entire face. Before the first and third treatments and 2 weeks after the last treatment, skin parameters were evaluated. Photographic documentation was also made before and after the treatment series. Evaluation of skin parameters using Courage & Khazaka 580 Multi Probe Adapter probes (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) showed an increase in hydration and a decrease in sebum, pH and TEWL for both treatments. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments. Combining chemical peeling of gluconolactone with oxybrasion and microneedle mesotherapy is a good method to seal the hydrolipid barrier and increase skin hydration.

Exanthematous drug eruption and infectious mononucleosis (IM) are both exanthematous diseases. Current research on exanthematous drug eruption and IM mainly targets identifying these disorders, the resulting differences at the metabolism level have not yet been systematically analyzed. A total of 30 cases of exanthematous drug eruption and IM, 10 patients without exanthema and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled, 3 mL of fasting venous blood was collected, the serum metabolite content was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics. A total of 165 metabolites were identified, exhibiting significant differences in plasma metabolic trends between exanthematous drug eruption and IM, and pinpointed 28 potential biomarkers. Notable changes were seen in the metabolic activities of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA-cycle), and galactose metabolism, characterized by increased levels of gluconate, gluconolactone, glucose, galactaric acid, and mannose, along with decreased amounts of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and glycerol, indicating an impairment in the exanthematous drug eruption group's capacity to endure oxidative stress and regulate energy metabolism. In contrast to its medication without rash counterpart, the exanthematous drug eruption group's plasma displayed distinct metabolic routes, predominantly in the processing of arginine and proline, along with the TCA. This resulted in a marked reduction in urea levels and a rise in pyruvate, citrate, and ornithine, indicating hypoxic stress as the primary cause of these rashes. In contrast to the healthy control group, the IM group showed 26 potential biomarkers, marked by increased levels of ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, and oxoglutaric acid, and reduced amounts of glutamine, galacturonic acid, arachidonic acid, trimethylphosphonic acid ester, gluconolactone, and indole acetic acid. Mainly, the metabolic pathways included the TCA, breaking down alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and the processing of D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, underscoring the body's crucial role in generating energy and inflammatory agents through the citric acid cycle. The comparison of serum metabolomic features of exanthematous drug eruptions and IM outlines a unique pattern closely related to the differences in the pathogenesis of these two exanthematous diseases.

Bone cement based on magnesium phosphate has extremely favorable properties for its application as a bioactive bone substitute. However, further improvement is still expected due to difficult injectability and high brittleness. This paper reported the preparation of novel biocomposite cement, classified as dual-setting, obtained through ceramic hydration reaction and polymer cross-linking. Cement was composed of magnesium potassium phosphate and sodium alginate cross-linked with calcium carbonate and gluconolactone. The properties of the obtained composite material and the influence of sodium alginate modification on cement reaction were investigated. Our results indicated that proposed cements have several advantages compared to ceramic cement, like shortened curing time, diverse microstructure, increased wettability and biodegradability and improved paste cohesion and injectability. The magnesium phosphate cement with 1.50% sodium alginate obtained using a powder-to-liquid ratio of 2.5 g/mL and cross-linking ratio 90/120 of GDL/CC showed the most favorable properties, with no adverse effect on mechanical strength and osteoblasts cytocompatibility. Overall, our research suggested that this novel cement might have promising medical application prospects, especially in minimally invasive procedures.

L-ascorbic acid (AA), a potent antioxidant, is commonly used topically in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. However, the incorporation of AA into topical formulations is difficult because of its highly unstable nature and relatively poor skin permeability. In this study, we propose an alternative strategy for improving the solubility and topical delivery of AA through its conversion to a therapeutic deep eutectic system (THEDES). AA and betaine (Bet)-based THEDESs were prepared at certain molar ratios and characterized using polarized optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Solubility tests showed that AA in the form of THEDES was readily soluble in various polyols (glycerin, 1,3-butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and 1,3-propanediol) at a high concentration (approximately 40%). Furthermore, compared to AA alone or the physical mixture of AA and Bet, AA-based THEDES significantly enhanced AA delivery through porcine skin. In an in vivo human study, THEDES-containing serum reduced the markers of aging and induced an even skin tone. These findings indicate the utility of AA and Bet-based THEDES as novel transdermal delivery systems for AA. Furthermore, our approach also showed good extension to developing gluconolactone, a well-known natural antioxidant, and Bet-based THEDES, showing potential application in transdermal delivery systems.